Quantum dot cellular automata qca is a new nanoscale technology that due to making significant improvements in the design of electronic circuits can be considered as an appropriate alternative. Perri et al design of efficient binary comparators in quantumdot cellular automata 193 designs intrinsically pipelined, since each clock zone behaves like a dlatch 20. A novel adder circuit design in quantumdot cellular automata. Efficient design of reversible alu in quantum dot cellular automata. One of the important digital circuits is full adder fa. Recently, the circuit design based on quantum dot cellular automata qca has received a great deal of attention. A novel full comparator design based on quantumdot cellular automata international journal of information and electronics engineering, vol. Qca basics qca is based on the interface of bistable qca cells constructed from four quantum dots. It begins with description of the ternary quantumdot cell, an extended classic binary cell. This paper proposes a novel and efficient qca xor design. This paper treats the problems involved in the design of logic circuits based on novel processing platform. Design of 1bit comparator using 2 dot 1 electron quantum. Reversible logicbased image steganography using quantum dot.
Design of efficient binary comparators in quantumdot. Design of efficient binary comparators in quantum dot cellular automata. Qca is an emerging technology where the logical computation is carried out at nanoscale level. It dissipates 2ln kt energy, where is boltzman constant and t is temperk acorresponding author. This article describes the design of ultralowpower multipliers on quantumdot cellular automata qca nanotechnology, promising very dense circuits and high operating frequencies, using a single homogeneous layer of the basic cells. Step 3 traverses the binary tree to utilize the components in the library to realize the circuit for each of the two layers. The quantumdot cellular automata qca approach represents one of the possible solutions in overcoming the physical limit of reduction of transistor size to increase the computational capabilities, even though the design of logic modules in qca is not always straightforward. Design of 1bit comparator using 2 dot 1 electron quantumdot cellular automata angona sarker dept. Implementation of binary to gray code converters in. Adders, majority gate mg, verilog hdl, quantum dot cellular automata qca. Investigation and design of novel comparator in quantum. A novel full comparator design based on quantumdot cellular. Quantumdot cell automata qca technology is a promising alternative technology for cmos technology. A quantumdot cellular automata qca is an attractive emerging technology suitable for the development of ultradense lowpower highperformance digital circuits.
Design of efficient bcd adders in quantum dot cellular. Qca is a transistorless computation paradigm that addresses the issues of device density and interconnection. The same name may also refer to quantum dot cellular automata, which are a proposed physical implementation of classical cellular automata by exploiting quantum. Quantumdot cellular automata qca is a new nanoscale technology that due to making significant improvements in the design of electronic circuits can be considered as an appropriate alternative. For instance a binary sequence of six bits 110100 is identical to decimal number 52. The polarization switch caused by an applied input signal in one cell leads to the change in polarization of the adjacent cell and.
Low area and high efficient comparators in quantaum dot. The binary wire consists of capacitively coupled double dot cells charged with single electrons. Quantum dot cellular automata qca, a potential alternative to cmos, promises efficient digital design at nanoscale. Design and test of digital circuits by quantumdot cellular automata fabrizo lombardi, jing huang on. One of the most promising nanotechnologies which can replace the present transistor based cmos technology is the quantumdot cellular automata. Recently, the circuit design based on quantumdot cellular automata qca has received a great deal of attention.
Areadelay efficient modified majority gate binary adders in. Design of efficient bcd adders in quantum dot cellular automata. Design and implementation of crossbar scheduler for system. This paper proposes a detailed design and analysis of digital circuits such as combinational and sequential circuits for quantumdot cellular automata. Reversible logic and quantum dot cellular automata qca. These cells are basic building blocks of quantum dot cellular automata. Design and implementation of an efficient single layer five. Design of efficient binary comparators in quantumdot cellular automata article in ieee transactions on nanotechnology 2. Qca encodes binary information in the charge configuration within a cell. An introduction to the operation of quantum dot cellular automata qca.
Design and test of digital circuits by quantumdot cellular automata. Quantumdot cellular automata qca is an emerging nanotechnology that promises faster speed, smaller size, and lower power consumption compared to the transistorbased technology. Combinational circuit design using advanced quantum dot cellular automata aditi dhingra, aprana goel, gourav verma, rashmi chawla department of electronics and communication engineering ymcaust, faridabad. Sequential circuit design using quantumdot cellular automata. Reversible comparator design using quantum dotcellular. Nevertheless, since the design of digital circuits in qca still poses several challenges, novel. Quantumdot cellular automaton qca is an emergent technology that. Sd ieee vlsi 2014 design of efficient binary comparators in quantumdot cellular automata.
Binary adder using more efficient area and time optimized. Design of efficient binary comparators in quantumdot cellular automata as an example, one of the 32bit comparators designed exploiting the proposed theory is implemented using less than 2800 cells within an overall area of about 2. Qca basics qca is based on the interface of bistable qca cells constructed from four quantumdots. Design of 1bit comparator using 2 dot 1 electron quantumdot. Binary multipliers on quantumdot cellular automata ismo h.
In this paper a number of new results on binary to gray and gray to binary code converters and detailed simulation using qcad designer tool is presented. The fundamental logical element of a quantumdot cellular automata qca circuit is majority voter gate mv. Perri et al design of efficient binary comparators in quantum dot cellular automata 193 designs intrinsically pipelined, since each clock zone behaves like a dlatch 20. Keywords majority gate, binary compatartor, qca, theorems, corollaries, 64bit abstract the project is based on quantum dot cellular automata qca which is an emerging technology suitable for the development of ultra dense lowpower highperformance digital circuits suitable to carryout high performance. Design of arithmetic circuits in quantum dot cellular. Quantumdot cellular automata qca presents a new model at. Oct 31, 2018 quantum dot cell automata qca technology is a promising alternative technology for cmos technology. A novel full comparator design based on quantumdot. Design and test of digital circuits by quantum dot cellular automata fabrizo lombardi, jing huang on.
To advance the stateoftheart in qca computing by creating a standard library of qca circuits. In the designed full adder circuit, sum and carry output. Lombardi, defect characterization for scaling of qca devices. Design and test of digital circuits by quantum dot cellular automata. A quantum dot cellular automata qca is an attractive emerging technology suitable for the development of ultradense lowpower highperformance digital circuits. Nov 01, 2017 quantum dot cellular automaton qca is an emerging, promising, future generation nanoelectronic computational architecture that encodes binary information as electronic charge configuration of a. Keywords majority gate, binary compatartor, qca, theorems, corollaries, 64bit abstract the project is based on quantumdot cellular automata qca which is an emerging technology suitable for the development of ultra dense lowpower highperformance digital circuits suitable to carryout high performance. It is also efficient in security department for devising and cracking codes.
In this technology, the ultradense and lowlatency digital circuits are designed. In digital logic design, a comparator is the fundamental building block that performs the. The design of efficient logic circuits in qca has received a great. Quantumdot cellular automata qca are an attractive emerging technology suitable for the development of ultradense lowpower highperformance digital circuits. The basic building blocks of the qca architecture, such as and, or, and not are presented. This paper proposes a detailed design and analysis of digital circuits such as combinational and sequential circuits for quantum dot cellular automata. Design and implementation of an efficient reversible. Experimental studies are presented of a binary wire based on the quantum dot cellular automata computational paradigm. Experimental demonstration of a binary wire for quantumdot. The efficiency of a qca circuit is depends on the efficiency of the mv. However, like 4 dot 2 electron qca 2 dot 1 electron.
Design and test of digital circuits by quantumdot cellular. Sofeoulalmamun mohammad badrul alam miah fuyad al masud department of information and communication technology ict, mawlana bhashani science and technology university, tangail, bangladesh. Pdf design of efficient reversible binary comparator. Sd ieee vlsi 2014 design of efficient binary comparators. This paper presents an efficient single layer fiveinput majority voter gate mv 5. To develop a worldclass tool for simulation and design with quantumdot cellular automata qca. A highlevel design of two polarized qca cells is shown in fig. In this paper a number of new results on binary to gray and gray to binary code converters and detailed simulation using qcad designer tool is. It begins with description of the ternary quantum dot cell, an extended classic binary cell. Quantum dot cellular automata qca emerge as a research area to design nanometre scale logic circuit. Quantumdot cellular automata qca, a potential alternative to cmos, promises efficient digital design at nanoscale. Qca cell a quantumdot cellular automata qca is a square nanostructure of electron wells confining free electrons. Adders, majority gate mg, verilog hdl, quantumdot cellular automata qca.
A qca cell can be seen as an arrangement of four charge vessels or specks, set in the corners of a square. A novel quantumdot cellular automata xor design scientific. In this paper, a new and efficient multilayer qca full adder circuit is designed and evaluated. Combinational circuit design using advanced quantum dot. Optikinternational journal for light and electron optics, august 2016, 12715. Feynman gate is used to achieve the reversible encoder and decoder for image steganography. Design of parallel multipliers and dividers in quantumdot. Coulomb interaction between cells is sufficient to accomplish the computation in qca arrays, thus no interconnect. An exact method for design exploration of quantumdot. Quantumdot cellular automata quantumdot cellular automata is a computing paradigm using.
Using the fact that the 3input majority gate is a primitive in qca, the book sets out to discover hitherto unknown properties of majority. The structure of proposed mv 5 is very simple and easy to implement in any. Quantum dot cellular automata qca is an emerging nanotechnology that promises faster speed, smaller size, and lower power consumption compared to the transistorbased technology. This research also studies divider designs for quantumdot cellular automata. The binary wire consists of capacitively coupled doubledot cells charged with single electrons. Further downscaling of cmos technology becomes challenging as it faces limitation of feature size reduction. This research monograph focuses on the design of arithmetic circuits in quantum dot cellular automata qca. We are discussed about a qca adder that perform all state of the art competitors and achieves the better delay and power consumption. Qca cell a quantum dot cellular automata qca is a square nanostructure of electron wells confining free electrons. The major advantages of this technology are lesser power dissipation, improved speed and dense structures.
The paper provides an efficient design and layout of code converters based on quantumdot cellular automata using qcadesigner tool. Investigations on the reduction of qca primitives majority gates and inverters for various adders are limited, and very few designs exist for reference. Automatic design of optimal logic circuits based on ternary. A novel quantum dot cellular automata for 4bit code. Binary comparators, majority gates, quantumdot cellular automata qca. Atomic quantum dot based quantum cellular automata duration. Wire crossing constrained qca circuit design using bilayer. Quantumdot cellular automata qca have been deemed as a candidate for substituting conventional integrated circuit technologies as these are reaching its physical limits 1, 2. Quantumdot cellular automaton qca is an emerging, promising, future generation nanoelectronic computational architecture that encodes binary information as electronic charge configuration of a cell. Moreover, xor is a useful component for the design of many logical and functional circuits. Quantum dot cellular automaton qca is an emerging, promising, future generation nanoelectronic computational architecture that encodes binary information as electronic charge configuration of a cell.
This study introduces a novel architecture for image steganography using reversible logic based on quantum dot cellular automata qca. In this article, we have proposed the design of an on. Design and implementation of 128bit quantumdot cellular automata adder 7 than all stateofthe art competitors and achieves the lowest areadelay product adp. An introduction to the operation of quantumdot cellular automataqca. Implementation of binary to gray code converters in quantum. A novel design and implementation of 83 encoder using quantumdot cellular automata qca technology md. Performance evaluation of efficient xor structures in. Qca is a fieldcoupled nanotechnology fcn that applies cells of quantum dots in order to represent and process binary information 3. The introduction of the ternary quantumdot cell enabled ternary computing, and with the recent development of a ternary functionally complete set of elementary logic primitives and the ternary memorizing cell design of complex processing structures is becoming feasible. Design of efficient full adder in quantumdot cellular automata. Kamalanathan2 1student,gnanamani college of technology, namakkal 2apece,gnanamani college of technology, namakkal corresponding authors. Quantumdot cellular automata represent binary information by charge configuration of cell. Experimental studies are presented of a binary wire based on the quantumdot cellular automata computational paradigm. These methodologies were suitable for implementation using silicon.
The paper provides an efficient design and layout of code converters based on quantum dot cellular automata using qcadesigner tool. Using the fact that the 3input majority gate is a primitive in qca, the book sets out to discover hitherto unknown properties of majority logic in the context of arithmetic circuit designs. Quantumdot cellular automaton qca is an emerging, promising, future generation nanoelectronic computational architecture that encodes binary information as electronic charge configuration of a. Design of efficient bcd adders in quantum dot cellular automata a. Qca is a fieldcoupled nanotechnology fcn that applies cells of quantumdots in order to represent and process binary information 3. As stated by launder during logical computation, a bit of information is lost. The cell is pick up accuse of two free electrons which are able to burrow between dots. Performance evaluation of efficient xor structures in quantum. So, several attempts have been directed towards design of arithmetic circuits such as adder, and comparators 46. Quantumdot cellular automata are an interesting nanoscale computing paradigm. Design and implementation of 128bit quantum dot cellular automata adder 7 than all stateofthe art competitors and achieves the lowest areadelay product adp. Efficient solutions have recently been proposed for several arithmetic circuits, such as adders, multipliers, and comparators. Areadelay efficient binary adders in qca quantumdot.
Binary comparators, majority gates, quantum dot cellular automata qca. The quantum dot cellular automata qca approach represents one of the possible solutions in overcoming the physical limit of reduction of transistor size to increase the computational capabilities, even though the design of logic modules in qca is not always straightforward. Qca cells are used for both logic structures and interconnections that can exploit either the coplanar cross or the bridge technique 1, 2, 6, 31, 32. Investigation and design of novel comparator in quantumdot. Efficient design of reversible alu in quantumdot cellular automata.
Design rules for quantumdot cellular automata request pdf. Qca are exhibited coulomb coupled quantum dot cells. A study on energy optimized 4 dot 2 electron two dimensional quantum dot cellular automata logical. Quantum dot cellular automata qca have been deemed as a candidate for substituting conventional integrated circuit technologies as these are reaching its physical limits 1, 2. In the proposed system an mg is the main element of the qca. Quantumdot cellular automata qca is a new nanoscale technology that due to making significant improvements in the design of electronic circuits can. Design of efficient binary comparators in quantumdot cellular automata. These cells are basic building blocks of quantumdot cellular automata. Quantumdot cellular automata quantumdot cellular automata is. By using controlled full subtractor cell units, a relatively simple and efficient implementation is realized.
Sep 20, 2016 we are discussed about a qca adder that perform all state of the art competitors and achieves the better delay and power consumption. A novel design and implementation of 83 encoder using. Comparators are extensively utilized circuit in the microcontrollers and central processing units cpus 7. Novel linear feedback shift register design in quantumdot. A novel full comparator design based on quantum dot cellular automata international journal of information and electronics engineering, vol. Twolayer synchronized ternary quantumdot cellular automata. Introduction cmos circuit design process consists of defining circuit output and input, circuit calculations, layouts of the circuits, simulations including parasitic, reevaluation of the circuit input and output, fabrication and testing.
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